18O1-189O
Cardinal

Early Years. Born into an uppermiddle- class family in London in 1801, John Henry Newman was "converted" into evangelical Christianity in 1816. At that time he considered the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church to be heretical. The following year, he entered Trinity College, Oxford, from which he graduated with honors in 1820. Remaining at Oxford, he became a fellow at Oriel College in 1822 and was ordained an Anglican priest in 1825. After serving as curate of St. Clement's Church, Oxford, Newman became vicar of St. Mary's, the university church, in 1828. By this time he had jettisoned his youthful evangelical, low-church views for high-church Anglicanism.

From Anglican to Catholic. In 1833 Newman was among the first Anglican clergyman to join with John Keble (1792-1866) in launching the Oxford Movement, a renewal effort to revitalize the Church of England by restoring the historical practices of the early...