185O

• 20 Mar.

The Erfurt parliament meets; it has been summoned by King Frederick William IV of Prussia to form a new confederation opposing Austria.

French troops restore Pope Pius IX, who had fled to Gaeta after a popular insurrection in 1848, to power in Rome; Pius revokes the liberal 1848 Roman constitution.

Britain and the United States agree to the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, which provides that neither country will assert exclusive control of any canal built across the Isthmus of Panama.

Universal suffrage is abolished in France; henceforth, in order to vote one must show that one has lived in the same place for three years. The measure is aimed mainly at industrial workers, who tend to move frequently and to have radical political views.

Prussia and Denmark agree to the Treaty of Berlin, providing for Denmark to govern Schleswig and for an...