Firm Basis. For the ancient Egyptians the matter of ethics was firmly grounded in their religious worldview, so much so that one scholar has written that "in the Egyptian's terms, morality and religion can hardly be separated." At the basis of all moral and ethical behavior in ancient Egypt was the concept of Maat. It was every Egyptian's duty to conduct his or her life in accordance with Maat, and to avoid committing deeds considered the opposite of Maat, Isfet (wrongdoing) or Gereget (falsehood). In this way the continued existence and prosperity of Egypt was assured. The main source of knowledge concerning what behavior was in accordance with Maat is the instruction literature from ancient Egypt. These texts, similar to the biblical Book of Proverbs, date from the Old Kingdom (circa 2675-2130 B.C.E.) to the Greco-Roman period (circa 332 B.C.E.&mdash...