Those who agreed with Thompson criticized the rule on the grounds that minority achievement on standardized tests was required. Some educators believed that such tests were culturally biased against blacks, 41 percent of whom were enrolled in some of America's most troubled urban schools. Statistics from the SAT in 1987 show that the average score was 906 of a potential 1600; the average for blacks was 728, just above the 700 level required by Proposition 48. An Associated Press (AP) study in 1988 suggested that the Proposition 48's new freshman eligibility rule was primarily penalizing black athletes. The AP found that 274 college football players had been disqualified in 1988, and of the 213 athletes whose race could be determined, 86 percent were black. John Thompson's protests of these seeming inequities failed to change Proposition 48, and in protest he announced on 13 January 1989 that "I will not be on the bench in an NCAA-sanctioned Georgetown basketball...