Jim Backus and his team at IBM introduced the computer language FORTRAN in 1956.

In 1955 C. J. Balentine and Earl B. Reitz described the first 330,000-volt circuit breaker for use in the new Muskingum River Plant of the Ohio Power Company, which operated at the highest transmission voltage in the United States.

John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, and John R. Schrieffer explained superconductivity by supposing the existence of coupled electrons that cannot be split in 1957.

William and Lyle Boyd identified thirteen separate human races in 1956 after studying blood groups. Owen Chamberlain, working in 1955 with Emilio Segre, succeeded in producing antiprotons.

In 1959 Dr. William M. Chardack, a physician, and Wilson Greatbatch, an electronics engineer, developed the first heart pacemaker, which could be implanted in a human's chest for up to five years.

In 1957 Scovil G. Feher and H. Seidel introduced the first solid-state maser...