Racketeer Johnny Dioguardi, better known as Johnny Dio, was a good example of the criminal element organized labor wanted to flush from its ranks during the decade. In 1952 his name came up in connection with International Ladies Garment Workers Union manager Sam Berger, who helped Dio get a charter to organize a local chapter of the, American Federation of Labor's United Auto Workers (UAW). Dio then set up "paper," or fake-, locals in New York City for the UAW and a variety of other unions. These locals had no actual membership, but as their official representative Dio could extort money from businesses with the threat of "pickets and labor violence. Dio also helped corrupt labor leaders stay in power by lending them support from these phantom locals during union elections. At least seven of Dio's "locals" were chapters of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters...