Respectability.

Jazz was traditionally a music too closely associated with sin and race to attract an establishment following. Born in southern whorehouses and barrooms and developed by black musicians with a reputation for intemperance and licentiousness, its pulsating rhythms and libertine melodies had the right degree of naughtiness for a young dance crowd, but most people felt it was inappropriate for the concert stage and quite likely immoral in a nightclub setting. It was therefore mildly scandalous when social scions Elaine and Louis L. Lorillard of Newport, Rhode Island, announced plans to stage the first annual Newport Jazz Festival in mid July 1954 at the seventy-five-year-old Newport Casino, an exclusive open-air club founded by Mr. Lorillard's greatgrandfather Pierre, the tobacco baron.

Six Thousand Fans.

Time magazine reported that "Newport's narrow streets were thronged with loudshirted bookie types from Broadway, young intellectuals in need of...