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The historic passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 and the Wagner Act of 1935 placed the authority of the federal government behind the efforts to unionize. The notable exception to the movement remained Harlan County. Harlan posed a serious threat because as long as it held out against collective bargaining its competitors in Virginia, Tennessee, eastern Kentucky, and Alabama threatened to terminate their union contracts. Thus, the UMW had to keep up its organizing efforts in Harlan so its entire southern region would not evaporate. At the time of the Wagner Act, however, the miners had made no real strides toward organizing. Eventually, concerted pressure by the Roosevelt administration and the UMW combined in 1937 and 1938 to open Harlan to unionism. New Deal legislation resulted in the abolition of the private deputy system and gave union organizers the freedom to enter the county. Violence...
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This section contains 190 words (approx. 1 page at 300 words per page) |
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