Americans hoped that World War I had indeed been "the war to end all wars," but once the peace treaty was negotiated they rejected the League of Nations and the Permanent Court of International. Justice .(World Court) —- two institutions created to insure long-term international peace: Near the end of the 1920s, American idealists supported the notion of outlawing war. In April 1927 Aristide Briand, foreign minister of France, suggested that his country and the United States formally-renounce war with a bilateral agreement. Believing such an agreement constituted an "entangled alliance," President Calvin Coolidge resisted Briand's overture, but the American public's enthusiasm for Briand's proposal became so great that Coolidge could not continue to ignore it. Therefore, in June Secretary, of State Frank B. Kellogg countered with a proposed multilateral treaty that invited "all the principal Powers of the world to a...