Philander P. Claxton, the United States commis-. sioner of education, declared a week in December 1920 the first American Education Week. Claxton called for improvement of school buildings and equipment, as well as higher pay for teachers. American Education Week was celebrated in all parts of the country, with a new emphasis being placed on education by local clubs and fraternal, commercial, and religious organizations. The American Legion sponsored student essay-writing contests to mark the occasion.

Education for Citizenship.

More and more citizens believed that knowledge was power and that education led to virtue. Voters thus supported the development of new courses and teaching methods that enlightened leaders of public schools recommended. "Education for citizenship" described the Cubberley principle that students who mastered the tools of learning and were trained for personal service and group cooperation would both develop their...