"Charged with spreading doctrines calculated to promote unrest and disloyalty among the men of the army and navy, six leaders of the International Bible Students' Association, which was founded by the late 'Pastor' Charles T. Russell, were arrested yesterday afternoon in Brooklyn," reported The New York Times on 9 May 1918. Although stationed well off the Protestant mainstream, the Russellites (later to be called Jehovah's Witnesses) did have a premillennial vision that caused them to be branded as disloyal and unpatriotic, as were many other premillennialists. And perhaps because they were a marginal group to begin with, the Bible Students faced a more serious attack during the war than premillennialists in established denominations. Joseph Rutherford, Russell's successor, and seven other men ultimately faced charges of "unlawfully and willfully conspiring to cause insubordination, disloyalty, and refusal of duty of the military and...