When Commander Robert Edwin Peary reached the North Pole he knew that, in order to establish that he had accomplished the feat, he would have to make and record accurate observations of his geographical position. These observations he recorded in his log. On 6 April 1909 he wrote: "The Pole at last. The prize of three centuries. My dream and goal for twenty years. Mine, at last!" When he wanted to record some geographical observations, however, he found that the sky was overcast, so he pressed on with his instruments and a team of dogs for about ten miles, to a place where the sky had cleared. He took his observations and wrote: "When I had taken my observations, at Camp Jesup in the Western Hemisphere at noon of April 6th, Columbia meridian time, the sun had been in the south. When I had...