American foreign policy from the 1860's to the present varied greatly with respect to diplomatic strategies, alliances, and views of the American presidents and public. America's own civil war was fought from 1861 to 1865. At that time until 1890, America was putting the past of foreign control behind them and looking westward. This became known as manifest destiny. There was not much controversy. In fact there was peace to be seen, especially when the French gave Cleveland the Statue of Liberty in 1886. Then in 1890, the United States experienced the close of the frontier which onset an increase of imports of raw materials from overseas.

A direct reaction to the close of the frontier in 1890 was a shift from manufacturing at home to machine known as Industrialization. This also caused the development of major cities known as Urbanization. At this time, America viewed themselves as ethnocentric, or better than other countries...