The Manor Farm represents the USSR, and Animal Farm represents Russia. Animalism, the new government of the farm, represents Russian Communishm. Jones, the original owner of animal farm represents Czar Nicholas II, as he was removed from power. Old Major, the one who starts the idea of a revolution, represents Carl Marx. Moses, the Raven who comes and goes represents the Russian Orthodox Church, and his "Sugarcandy Mountain" above the clouds represents heaven. Napoleon, who comes into power represents Stalin. Squealer who spreads information represents propoganda, and the hoof and horn flag that is raised represents the flag raised over the USSR. Mr. Frederick, who owns Pinchfield farm represents Hitler. The confessions and executions when Napoleon orders his dog "army" to kill the animals relating to Snowball, represents the Moscow Trials. The first battle, the Battle of the Cowshed, represents the battle between the Bolshevics and the Menshivics. The second battle, the Battle of the Windmill, represents Stalingrad. Pinkeye is the foodtester, and represents such. Boxer and Clover, the two work horses, represent the Bolshevics, or the red army, and Mollie, the dainty cart horse represents the Menshivics or white army. These parallels are widely tested for history-literature comprehensions, and may be important to understand.