During the second half of the 19th century, the trends of industrialization, urbanization, and immigration saw a sharp increase, which created some new and deeper divisions between the subgroups of class, gender, and ethnicity. This industrialization process, which involved an increase in consumer goods and the development of many factories in the city, created jobs which pulled people there, thereby creating a more urban society. The invention of steam ship transportation, which made the trip from Europe cheap, and the lax policies of restricting immigrants to the United States, stimulated a new a wave of unskilled immigrants from southern and eastern Europe to come to the USA attracted by job opportunities.

The division between classes increased as cities became more crowded with immigrants, pollution, and poverty. The choice of the wealthy to leave those cities and create suburban homes was facilitated by relatively cheap land, cheap building styles...