In Kate Chopin's The Awakening, greater meanings lie beneath layers of symbolism. While it seems on the surface a largely feminist work, with the heroine finding happiness outside of traditional roles and then becoming a victim of society's inability to understand, this concept is challenged by the symbolism used throughout the novel. After examining the symbolism with great care, Chopin's mixed feelings on female independence are revealed. Metamorphosis, seen as water, may seem manageable while the weak bird (Edna) is surrounded by the protection of society, but in the end life swallows those unable to find their place. Other, smaller symbols abound, but the concept of water and birds weaves itself throughout, finally tying together at the end of the novel.

Water and swimming are first introduced early in the novel, when Edna returns from swimming with Robert on page three. However, it is on pages twelve and...