The current theory of the formation of the universe is called the `Big Bang.' This theory is centred on the universe being created due to the explosion of a highly dense microscopic particle containing concentrated energy.

The vast amounts of energy and radiation released from the explosion grew to several thousand times the size of the Sun in a fraction of a second. Within the first second the blast had become swirls of intense energy and basic subatomic particles such as quarks were formed. (E = mc²) The mass continued to expand.

After 500 000 years the universe had cooled to 3 000۫K and more complex particles such as protons, neutrons and electrons were created. This led to the formation of the two simplest elements, hydrogen and helium.

One billion years later the hydrogen and helium formed random gas clouds called protogalaxies. It took another billion years...