Population can be split up into three groups. These three groups determine the amount of available resources and the number of people in one area. The three categories consist of;

1. Under population,
2. Over population
3. Optimum population

Under population occurs when the amount of resources exceeds the amount of people living in that area. An example of this would be in Canada. With Canada's amount of resources, it could afford to more than double its current population and still withhold its current standard of living. Canada can export their food surplus and their excess minerals and maintain a high income thus leading to an increased standard of living. They attract many immigrants because of a promise of a better life and job vacancies.

Over population is when the number of people in one area exceeds the amount of resources available. This would then lead to job shortage, food shortage...