In 50,000BC, Aboriginal population is about 250,000 to 300,000 in Australia, which possibly came from Asia and New Guinea. Captain James Cook discovered Australia in 1770 and the first British fleet arrived in Australia in 1788 with about 1,000 men, women and children and 500 heads of livestock and poultry aboard arrived in Sydney Harbor. Before 1830s, convicts were the main source of migrants, but by the mid-1830s, more free settlers than convicts in Australia. In 1845, there were 16,800 convicts, but a year later, the number declined to 11,200.

In 1850s, the period of "Gold Rush" was occurred. There was discovery of goldfields in New South Wales and Victoria. It led the feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. The...