A The success of prokaryotes is based on the various adaptations of their form and function. Three examples of adaptations in prokaryotes are 1) the cell envelopes that provide them protection; 2) the appendages that help them move and exchange genetic materials; 3) the ways they acquire nutrition necessary for life.

The cell envelope includes the plasma membrane, the cell wall, and glycocalyx (Figure 1). The plasma membrane is a sheet that surrounds the cytoplasm. It is responsible for regulating the entrance and exit of substances into the cytoplasm. That makes the plasma membrane very important because without it, the cell wouldn't be able to maintain its normal composition, and therefore wouldn't function properly. The cell wall is a structure that's important because it provides support and shape for the cell. It's strengthened by the presence of peptidoglycan, or a complex molecule containing a unique amino disaccharide and peptide fragments. A...