Niccolo Machiavelli wrote The Prince in Florence after the years of 1512. This is Machiavelli's most famous work and was dedicated to a member of the Medici family. In The Prince Machiavelli stresses the degree to which his views of political morality differ from those of previous writers. Where most other theorists say how the ruler should act, Machiavelli talks about dealing with the way the ruler is acting. In The Prince Machiavelli goes on to later say that personal morality has no place in politics and that rulers are not saved by their goodness but by their strength.

In chapter sixteen of Machiavelli's masterpiece, titled Of Liberality and Niggardliness, Machiavelli points out that quite a few "virtues" would be politically horrifying, where as many of the "vices" would benefit the states. Machiavelli examines more carefully one of his oppositions of virtue and vice: liberality and niggardliness. Liberality means...