Most wars in history have been ended by one major victory or insulting defeat; both of which are usually the most long and grueling battles of the war. The final siege of the last city is always a long one, both sides refusing to give in, and many people succumbing to death rather then defeat. In World War One, the warring nations avoided such a battle due to the long and gruesome battles of trench warfare. When the European Theater was closed in World War Two, this final battle was not avoided, it was total war and the only possible outcome was the unconditional surrender of the enemy nations. A similar conflict brewed in the Pacific where the Americans were enduring heavy casualties and hardships throughout the entire campaign. When the end was near the decision to invade or use nuclear weapons against Japan was an obvious one...