From 1896-1919, "the father of nuclear physics" came upon many discoveries such as alpha, beta, and gamma rays, the proton, and the neutron, half-life of radioactive decay and daughter atoms. Through these findings in 1908, Ernst Rutherford received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the basis of Nuclear Physics. Although the award stated "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances", Ernst Rutherford's discoveries were actually in Nuclear Physics.

Rutherford's first researches were performed in New Zealand. His very first was of the properties of iron when acted upon by high-frequency waves, on this topic he released his first thesis titled Magnetization of Iron by High-Frequency Discharges. Also in New Zealand he published Magnetic Viscosity which is a description of a machine capable of measuring time intervals to the near hundred-thousandth of a second (Nobel Lectures "Ernest Rutherford - Biography").

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