“I remember,” said he, “that my wife, when she was near her end, poor woman, was also advised to sleep out of town, and when she was carried to the lodgings that had been prepared for her, she complained that the staircase was in very bad condition—­for the plaster was beaten off the wall in many places.  ‘Oh,’ said the man of the house, ’that’s nothing but by the knocks against it of the coffins of the poor souls that have died in the lodgings.’

He laughed, though not without apparent secret anguish, in telling me this.  I felt extremely shocked, but, willing to confine my words at least to the literal story, I only exclaimed against the unfeeling absurdity of such a confession.

“Such a confession,” cried he, “to a person then coming to try his lodgings for her health, contains, indeed, more absurdity than we can well lay our account for.”

I had seen Miss Thrale the day before.

“So,” said he, “did I.”

I then said,—­“Do you ever, sir, hear from her mother?”

“No,” cried he, “nor write to her.  I drive her quite from my mind.  If I meet with one of her letters, I burn it instantly.  I have burnt all I can find.  I never speak of her, and I desire never to hear of her more.  I drive her, as I said, wholly from my mind.”

Yet, wholly to change this discourse, I gave him a history of the Bristol milk-woman, and told him the tales I had heard of her writing so wonderfully, though she had read nothing but Young and Milton “though those,” I continued, “could never possibly, I should think, be the first authors with anybody.  Would children understand them? and grown people who have not read are children in literature.”

“Doubtless,” said he; “but there is nothing so little comprehended among mankind as what is genius.  They give to it all, when it can be but a part.  Genius is nothing more than knowing the use of tools — but there must be tools for it to use:  a man who has spent all his life in this room will give a very poor account of what is contained in the next.” ’

“Certainly, sir ; yet there is such a thing as invention.  Shakspeare could never have seen a Caliban.”

" No; but he had seen a man, and knew, therefore, how to vary him to a monster.  A man who would draw a monstrous cow, must first know what a cow commonly is; or how can he tell that to give her an ass’s head or an elephant’s tusk will make her monstrous.  Suppose you show me a man who is a very 285

expert carpenter; another will say he was born to be a carpenter-but what if he had never seen any wood?  Let two men, one with genius, the other with none, look at an overturned waggon ; he who has no genius, will think of the waggon only as he sees it, overturned, and walk on ; he who has genius, will paint it to himself before it was overturned-standing still, and moving on, and heavy loaded, and empty ; but both must see the waggon, to think of it at all.”