American review, vol. 197, pp. 62, 222, 350.  International journal of ethics, vol. 23, p. 158.  Journal of political economy, vol. 20, pp. 309, 574.  Socialism:  Edmond Kelly, twentieth century socialism.  H. G. Wells, new worlds for old.  J. Spargo, socialism.  M. Hillquit, socialism in theory and practice.  A. Schaffle, the quintessence of socialism.  F. W. Taussig, op.  Cit, chaps. 64, 65.  J. Rae, the roman numerals are both upper and lower case did not standardize PORARY socialism.  R. T. Ely, socialism.  W. G. Towler, socialism in local GOIVERNEMNT.  H. R. Seager, op.  Cit, sec. 282.  N. P. Gilman, socialism and the American spirit.  R. Hunter, socialists at work.  Journal of political economy, vol. 14, p. 257.  Outlook, vol. 91, pp. 618, 662; vol. 95, pp. 831, 876.

CHAPTER XXVIII

LIBERTY AND LAW

We have spoken of the practical defects and dangers inherent in the various proposals that look to the rectification of industrial wrongs.  But there is one source of opposition to these proposals that requires more extended consideration-the fear that they-and especially socialism-unduly threaten that ideal of personal liberty which our fathers so passionately served and we have come to look upon as the cornerstone of our prosperity.  What is this ideal of liberty, and how should it affect our efforts at industrial regeneration?  What are the essential aspects of the ideal of liberty?  Throughout a long stretch of human history one of the most vexing obstacles to general happiness and progress has been the irresponsible power of sovereigns and oligarchies.  To generations it has seemed that if freedom from selfish tyranny could but be won, the millennium would be at hand.  Our heroes have been those who fought against despots for the rights of the people; we measure progress by such milestones as the Magna Charta, the French Revolution, the American Declaration of Independence.  To this day we engrave the word “liberty” on our coins; and the converging multitudes from Europe look up eagerly to the great statue that welcomes them in New York Harbor and symbolizes for them the freedom that they have often suffered so much to gain.  In Mrs. Hemans’s hymn, in Patrick Henry’s famous speech, in Mary Antin’s wonderful autobiography, The Promised Land, we catch glimpses of that devotion to liberty which, it is now said, we are jeopardizing by our increasing mass of legislative restraints and propose to banish for good and all by an indefinite increase in the powers of the State.  More than a generation ago Mill wrote:  “There is