(3) Through these two means, public opinion and the law, we must work toward the ultimate solution, the establishment of codes of honor in the professions and industries.  Canons of professional ethics have been adopted by lawyers and doctors; any member of these professions who is guilty of breaking these canons suffers loss of prestige and, almost inevitably, financial loss.  So must it be in every industry; each must be organized and must formulate for itself its code; so that pressure from within will supplement pressure from without.  There is plenty of capacity for loyalty, self-denial, and discipline in men, even in captains of industry; it needs only to be aroused, crystallized, directed.  “We may prevent certain specific practices by statutes which make them misdemeanors; but in so doing we have simply cut off one way of reaching an end.  Men will get the same result by another route. obtaining money or office in certain specified ways.  We must so shape their ambitions that they do not wish to obtain money or office by means that injure the community.  We must get them to consider public selfishness as dishonorable a thing as we now consider private selfishness”.  If a man today crowds himself out of a theater, leaving behind him a trail of bruised women and children, the very newsboy in the street will hiss him when he gets to the door.  Such a man will be despised by the public, and in his heart he will despise himself, for taking advantage of his strength to crush others.  But if a man gets money or office by analogous processes, the world is inclined to admire the result and forgive the means; and the man, instead of despising himself for his selfishness, applauds himself for his success.[Footnote:  A. T. Hadley, Standards of Public Morality, p. 8.] Certainly, unless in these peaceful ways we can transform our present system of grab-as-grab-can into a fair and rational industrial order, changes will come by violence and revolution.  There are volcanic passions slumbering beneath the prosperity of our trade and manufacture; there is but a brief respite before society wherein to evolve a measure of social justice.  The lower classes are awakening to their power; unless society and government grant them their fair share of the fruits of industry, they will take them through the wreck of society and government.  There is no moral problem more pressing than the finding of peaceful remedies for industrial wrongs.

E. A. Ross, Sin and Society.  H. R. Seager, Introduction to Economics, chap.  XXII.  C. R. Van Hise, Concentration and Control, chap.  II.  A. T. Hadley, Standards of Public Morality.  H. C. Potter, The Citizen in his Relation to the Industrial Situation.  W. Gladden, The New Idolatry.  R. C. Brooks, Corruption in American Politics and Life.  H. Jeffs, Concerning Conscience, chaps.  XXII, XXIII.  C. R. Henderson, The Social Spirit in America, chaps.  VII, ix.  J. S. Brooks, The Social Unrest.  Jane Addams, Democracy and Social Ethics, chap.  V. Buskin, Unto this Last.  International Journal of Ethics, vol. 23, p. 455. [For specific references, see footnotes.]