his privilege and glad desire.  To be conscious of belonging to a social group, whose interests are regarded as one’s own, to mourn its disasters and rejoice in its successes, and give one’s hands and brains without reluctance, when needed, to its service- that is patriotism.  For the individual, its value is that it widens his sympathies, gives him new interests, stimulates his ambition, warms his heart with a sense of brotherhood in common hopes and fears; the “man without a country” is, as Dr. Bale’s story graphically depicted, like a man without a home; the “citizens of the world,” who voluntarily expatriate themselves, miss much of the tang of life that is tasted by him who keeps his local attachments and national loyalty.  For the State, its value is that it welds men together, softens their civil strife, lifts them above petty jealousies, rouses them to maintain the common weal against all dangers, external and internal.  Especially in view of our hybrid population is it necessary to stimulate patriotism, by the celebration of national anniversaries, the salutation of the flag in the public schools, and whatever other means help to enlist the emotions on the side of civic consciousness.  But while seeking to foster patriotism, for its great potentialities of good, we must guard diligently against its lapse into forms that are really harmful to the community which it avowedly serves.  Like every other great emotion, it needs to be controlled, developed along the lines of greatest usefulness, directed into proper channels.  How should patriotism be directed and qualified?

(1) Patriotism must be rationalized, so as to be an enthusiasm for the really great and admirable phases of the national life.  Instead of a pride in the prowess of army and navy, of yachts or athletes, it should become a pride in national efficiency and health, in the national art, literature, statesmanship, and educational system, in the beauty of public buildings and the standards of public manners and morals.  It should think not so much of defending by force the national “honor,” as of maintaining standards of honor that shall be worth defending.  There may, indeed, still be occasions when we can learn the truth of the old Roman verse, Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori; but the newer patriotism consists not so much in willingness to die as in willingness to live, for one’s country-to take the trouble to study conditions, to vote, and to work for the improvement of conditions and the invigorating of the national life.  The real anti-patriots are not the peace-men, but the selfish and unscrupulous money-makers, the idle rich, the dissolute, the ill-mannered, all those who put private interest or passion above the public weal, help to weaken national strength and solidarity, and bring our country’s name into disrepute.