b.  The termination ai is suffixed by itself to nouns to convert them into verbs, sato, satoai.  When this syllable ai is suffixed to verbs the genitive ni may be added, and to the form aini the consonants f, m, ng, t, are prefixed:  oli to return, olifaini to carry back, ala to answer, alamaini to consent, sau to become, saungaini to make, tagala lost, tagalangaini to drive out, foaa to pray, foaataini to pray for.  The forms in ai are also used intransitively:  tege to fall, tegelai lost, oli to turn, olitai converted.

The genitive ni (cf.  M. L., p. 532) is often omitted and is not invariably used as it is in Sa’a, since the form ai without the addition of ni is transitive:  gonitai to receive, gwoutai or gwoutaini to be left alone, oalangai to apportion, fatolamai to command.

Ani appears to be used by itself as a transitive suffix:  ui to throw, uiani to throw away, laga to drive, lagaani to drive away, taba to strike, tabaani to destroy; ani is used also with too to hit, tooani to understand.

With either class of suffixes there is no difference in meaning between one suffix and another.

5.  Prefixes to verbs:  These are causative and reciprocal.

The causative is fa:  it may be prefixed to almost any word, and it may be used with words which have a transitive suffix.  The use of fa frequently obviates the use of a transitive suffix and of itself makes verbs transitive.

The reciprocal is qai:  generally when qai is prefixed to a verb the action of the verb is enlarged and the subject is included.  The illative fe also marks repetition or restoration or continuance; it is followed by the adverb lau again:  na abana e fe boeboela lau his hand was restored whole.

6.  Passive:  The passive is expressed by the use of the personal pronoun plural third gera or da, with the verb and the adverb na already:  gera taufia na it has been washed; gera and da are used impersonally.  The word saetana it is said, sae to say, is used as a passive:  se doo saetana the thing said, si baela ne saetana uri the word which was said.

7.  Auxiliary verbs:  Alu to put, is used as meaning, to be, to become; talae, v. tr. to begin, means also to become; sau to make, with the possessive ana, sau ana to become.

8.  Reflexive verb:  The word mara with suffixed pronoun is used to denote reflexive action:  nia saungia marana.  It also carries the meaning self, of one’s own accord:  i bobongi ka manata tetea ana marana the morrow can take care of itself.