and beyond the confluence assuming the name of Zaire or Zerezere.  And thus he verifies the tradition of the Portuguese, who always speak of the Casais and the Coango as “supposto Congo.”  It is regrettable that Dr. Livingstone has not been more explicit upon the native names.  The Balonda could hardly have heard of the semi-European term Zaire, which is utterly unknown even at the Yellalas.  On the other hand, it must be borne in mind that Maxwell was informed by native travellers that the river 600 miles up country was still called “Enzaddi,” and perhaps the explorer merely intends Zaire to explain Zerezere.  It is hardly necessary to notice Douville’s assertion (ii. 372).

Meanwhile the late Ladislaus Magyar, who had previously informed the Benguelan Government that the Casais was reported to fall into the Indian Ocean at some unknown place, in 1851 followed this great artery lower than any known traveller.  He heard that, beyond his furthest exploration point (about south latitude 6deg. 30,[FN#19] and east longitude, G. 22deg.), it pursues a north-easterly direction and, widening several miles, it raises waves which are dangerous to canoes.  The waters continue to be sweet and fall into a lake variously called Mouro or Moura (Morave or Maravi?), Uhanja or Uhenje (Nyanza?), which is suspected to be the Urenge or Ulenge, of which Livingstone heard in about south latitude 3deg., and east longitude (G.) 26deg..  The Hungarian traveller naturally identified it with the mythical Lake Nyassa which has done such portentous mischief in a day now gone by.  Ladislaus Magyar also states:[FN#20] “The Congo rises, I have convinced myself by reports, in the swamp named Inhan-ha occupying the high plateau of Moluwa, in the lands of the Luba, uniting with the many streams of this region; at a distance of about five days from the source it becomes a deep though narrow river, which flows to the westward, through a level country covered with dense forests, whose frequent streams coming from the north (?) and south are taken up “by the river; then it bends north-westward under the name of Kuango.”  Here we find the drowned lands, the “sponges” of Livingstone, who, however, placed the sources much further to the south-east.

Dr. Livingstone’s third and last expedition, which began on March 24, 1866, and which ended (1873) with fatal fitness in the swamps of the Bangweolo, suggests a new and more distant derivation for the mighty Congo.  After travelling from the Rovuma River to Lake Nyassa, the great explorer in l867-8 came upon an “earthern mound,” west of Lake Bangweolo or Bemba, in about south latitude 11deg.; and here he places the sources of the Nile, where geographers have agreed provisionally to place the sources of the Congo.  Already, in 1518, Fernandez de Enciso (Suma de Geographia), the “theoretical discoverer” of Kilimanjaro, was told by the Congoese that their river rises in high mountains, from which another great stream flows in an opposite direction—­ but this might apply to more watersheds than one.  The subject is treated at considerable length in an article by Dr. E. Behm,[FN#21] certain of whose remarks I shall notice at the end of this chapter.