tributes paid by him to Bergson were those made in the Hibbert Lectures (A Pluralistic Universe), which James gave at Manchester College, Oxford, shortly after he and Bergson met in London.  He there remarked upon the encouragement he had received from Bergson’s thought, and referred to the confidence he had in being “able to lean on Bergson’s authority.” [Footnote:  A Pluralistic Universe, pp. 214-15.  Cf. the whole of Lecture V. The Compounding of Consciousness, pp. 181-221, and Lecture vi.  Bergson and His Critique of Intellectualism, pp. 225-273.] “Open Bergson, and new horizons loom on every page you read.  It is like the breath of the morning and the song of birds.  It tells of reality itself, instead of merely reiterating what dusty-minded professors have written about what other previous professors have thought.  Nothing in Bergson is shop-worn or at second-hand.” [Footnote:  Lecture vi., p. 265.] The influence of Bergson had led him “to renounce the intellectualist method and the current notion that logic is an adequate measure of what can or cannot be.” [Footnote:  A Pluralistic Universe, p. 212.] It had induced him, he continued, “To give up the logic, squarely and irrevocably” as a method, for he found that “reality, life, experience, concreteness, immediacy, use what word you will, exceeds our logic, overflows, and surrounds it.” [Footnote:  A Pluralistic Universe, p. 212.]

Naturally, these remarks, which appeared in book form in 1909, directed many English and American readers to an investigation of Bergson’s philosophy for themselves.  A certain handicap existed in that his greatest work had not then been translated into English.  James, however, encouraged and assisted Dr. Arthur Mitchell in his preparation of the English translation of L’Evolution creatrice.  In August of 1910 James died.  It was his intention, had he lived to see the completion of the translation, to introduce it to the English reading public by a prefatory note of appreciation.  In the following year the translation was completed and still greater interest in Bergson and his work was the result.  By a coincidence, in that same year (1911), Bergson penned for the French translation of James’ book, Pragmatism,[Footnote:  Le Pragmatisme:  Translated by Le Brun.  Paris, Flammarion.] a preface of sixteen pages, entitled Verite et Realite.  In it he expressed sympathetic appreciation of James’ work, coupled with certain important reservations.

In April (5th to 11th) Bergson attended the Fourth International Congress of Philosophy held at Bologna, in Italy, where he gave a brilliant address on L’Intuition philosophique.  In response to invitations received he came again to England in May of that year, and has paid us several subsequent visits.  These visits have always been noteworthy events and have been marked by important deliverances.  Many of these contain important contributions to thought and shed new light on many passages in his three large works, Time and Free Will, Matter and Memory, and Creative Evolution.  Although necessarily brief statements, they are of more recent date than his books, and thus show how this acute thinker can develop and enrich his thought and take advantage of such an opportunity to make clear to an English audience the fundamental principles of his philosophy.