Every body lies and cheats—­every body who is in business, at any rate.  Even foreigners soon have to come down to the custom of the country, and they do not buy and sell long in Constantinople till they lie and cheat like a Greek.  I say like a Greek, because the Greeks are called the worst transgressors in this line.  Several Americans long resident in Constantinople contend that most Turks are pretty trustworthy, but few claim that the Greeks have any virtues that a man can discover—­at least without a fire assay.

I am half willing to believe that the celebrated dogs of Constantinople have been misrepresented—­slandered.  I have always been led to suppose that they were so thick in the streets that they blocked the way; that they moved about in organized companies, platoons and regiments, and took what they wanted by determined and ferocious assault; and that at night they drowned all other sounds with their terrible howlings.  The dogs I see here can not be those I have read of.

I find them every where, but not in strong force.  The most I have found together has been about ten or twenty.  And night or day a fair proportion of them were sound asleep.  Those that were not asleep always looked as if they wanted to be.  I never saw such utterly wretched, starving, sad-visaged, broken-hearted looking curs in my life.  It seemed a grim satire to accuse such brutes as these of taking things by force of arms.  They hardly seemed to have strength enough or ambition enough to walk across the street—­I do not know that I have seen one walk that far yet.  They are mangy and bruised and mutilated, and often you see one with the hair singed off him in such wide and well defined tracts that he looks like a map of the new Territories.  They are the sorriest beasts that breathe—­the most abject—­the most pitiful.  In their faces is a settled expression of melancholy, an air of hopeless despondency.  The hairless patches on a scalded dog are preferred by the fleas of Constantinople to a wider range on a healthier dog; and the exposed places suit the fleas exactly.  I saw a dog of this kind start to nibble at a flea—­a fly attracted his attention, and he made a snatch at him; the flea called for him once more, and that forever unsettled him; he looked sadly at his flea-pasture, then sadly looked at his bald spot.  Then he heaved a sigh and dropped his head resignedly upon his paws.  He was not equal to the situation.

The dogs sleep in the streets, all over the city.  From one end of the street to the other, I suppose they will average about eight or ten to a block.  Sometimes, of course, there are fifteen or twenty to a block.  They do not belong to any body, and they seem to have no close personal friendships among each other.  But they district the city themselves, and the dogs of each district, whether it be half a block in extent, or ten blocks, have to remain within its bounds.  Woe to a dog if he crosses the line!  His neighbors would snatch the balance of his hair off in a second.  So it is said.  But they don’t look it.