What phaenomenon accompanies the initiation of the savage into humanity?  However far we look back into history the phaenomenon is identical among all people who have shaken off the slavery of the animal state, the love of appearance, the inclination for dress and for games.

Extreme stupidity and extreme intelligence have a certain affinity in only seeking the real and being completely insensible to mere appearance.  The former is only drawn forth by the immediate presence of an object in the senses, and the second is reduced to a quiescent state only by referring conceptions to the facts of experience.  In short, stupidity cannot rise above reality, nor the intelligence descend below truth.  Thus, in as far as the want of reality and attachment to the real are only the consequence of a want and a defect, indifference to the real and an interest taken in appearances are a real enlargement of humanity and a decisive step towards culture.  In the first place it is the proof of an exterior liberty, for as long as necessity commands and want solicits, the fancy is strictly chained down to the real; it is only when want is satisfied that it developes without hindrance.  But it is also the proof of an internal liberty, because it reveals to us a force which, independent of an external substratum, sets itself in motion, and has sufficient energy to remove from itself the solicitations of nature.  The reality of things is effected by things, the appearance of things is the work of man, and a soul that takes pleasure in appearance does not take pleasure in what it receives but in what it makes.

It is self-evident that I am speaking of aesthetical evidence different from reality and truth, and not of logical appearance identical with them.  Therefore if it is liked it is because it is an appearance, and not because it is held to be something better than it is:  the first principle alone is a play whilst the second is a deception.  To give a value to the appearance of the first kind can never injure truth, because it is never to be feared that it will supplant it—­the only way in which truth can be injured.  To despise this appearance is to despise in general all the fine arts of which it is the essence.  Nevertheless, it happens sometimes that the understanding carries its zeal for reality as far as this intolerance, and strikes with a sentence of ostracism all the arts relating to beauty in appearance, because it is only an appearance.  However, the intelligence only shows this vigorous spirit when it calls to mind the affinity pointed out further back.  I shall find some day the occasion to treat specially of the limits of beauty in its appearance.