In the physical creation, nature shows us the road that we have to follow in the moral creation.  Only when the Struggle of elementary forces has ceased in inferior organisations, nature rises to the noble form of the physical man.  In like manner, the conflict of the elements of the moral man and that of blind instincts must have ceased, and a coarse antagonism in himself, beiore the attempt can be hazarded.  On the other hand, the independence of man’s character must be secured, and his submission to despotic forms must have given place to a suitable liberty, before the variety in his constitution can be made subordinate to the unity of the ideal.  When the man of nature still makes such an anarchical abuse of his will, his liberty ought hardly to be disclosed to him.  And when the man fashioned by culture makes so little use of his freedom, his free will ought not to be taken from him.  The concession of liberal principles becomes a treason to social order when it is associated with a force still in fermentation, and increases the already exuberant energy of its nature.  Again, the law of conformity under one level becomes tyranny to the individual when it is allied to a weakness already holding sway and to natural obstacles, and when it comes to extinguish the last spark of spontaneity and of originality.

The tone of the age must therefore rise from its profound moral degradation; on the one hand it must emancipate itself from the blind service of nature, and on the other it must revert to its simplicity, its truth, and its fruitful sap; a sufficient task for more than a century.  However, I admit readily, more than one special effort may meet with success, but no improvement of the whole will result from it, and contradictions in action will be a continual protest against the unity of maxims.  It will be quite possible, then, that in remote corners of the world humanity may be honoured in the person of the negro, while in Europe it may be degraded in the person of the thinker.  The old principles will remain, but they will adopt the dress of the age, and philosophy will lend its name to an oppression that was formerly authorised by the Church.  In one place, alarmed at the liberty which in its opening efforts always shows itself an enemy, it will cast itself into the arms of a convenient servitude.  In another place, reduced to despair by a pedantic tutelage, it will be driven into the savage license of the state of nature.  Usurpation will invoke the weakness of human nature, and insurrection will invoke its dignity, till at length the great sovereign of all human things, blind force, shall come in and decide, like a vulgar pugilist, this pretended contest of principles.

LETTER VIII.

Must philosophy therefore retire from this field, disappointed in its hopes?  Whilst in all other directions the dominion of forms is extended, must this the most precious of all gifts be abandoned to a formless chance?  Must the contest of blind forces last eternally in the political world, and is social law never to triumph over a hating egotism?