---------------------------------------
8 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
7 |    |    | #B |    |    |    | #K |    |
|---------------------------------------|
6 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
5 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
4 |    |    |    |    | ^P | ^P |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
3 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
2 |    |    |    |    |    | ^K |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
1 |    |    |    | ^B |    |    |    |    |
---------------------------------------
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H

Diag. 77

to force access to both White and Black squares.  In the present instance play would proceed on these lines: 

1.  P-K5, B-R4; 2.  K-K3, K-B2; 3.  K-K4, K-K2; 4.  P-B5, B-Kt5; 5.  P-B6ch, K-B1; 6.  P-K6, B-R6; 7.  B-R4, B-Kt5.  White can only get through with the King’s Pawn, as P-B7 is unavailing on the grounds set out above.  But in order to play P-K7, the square K7 must first be covered a second time, so that the Bishop cannot be given up for the two pawns.  Therefore:  8.  K-Q5, B-R6 (B-B6; P-K7ch); 9.  K-B6, K-K1; 10.  K-B7ch, K-B1; 11.  K-Q7, and wins.

In end-games with one Knight on each side, an extra pawn usually decides the game much in the same way as in end-games with Bishops of the same colour; frequently even with equal pawns, the possession of a passed pawn is sufficient, as it keeps either the King or the Knight busy, so that there is only one piece available for the defence of the pawns.  An instructive example is the end-game Ed. Lasker-Rotlevi on p. 100.

End-games with Rook against Rook are the most frequent, as well as the most difficult.  Here the possession of an extra pawn is seldom sufficient for a win, unless the stronger side has also an advantage in the greater mobility of the Rook.  Diagram 78 is typical of such cases, frequent in practice, in

---------------------------------------
8 |    |    |    | #R |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
7 |    |    | ^R |    |    |    | #P | #K |
|---------------------------------------|
6 | ^P |    |    |    |    |    |    | #P |
|---------------------------------------|
5 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
4 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
|---------------------------------------|
3 |    |    |    |    |    |    | ^P |    |
|---------------------------------------|
2 |    |    |    |    |    |    | ^K | ^P |
|---------------------------------------|
1 |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |    |
---------------------------------------
A    B    C    D    E    F    G    H

Diag. 78