bridges of soot left across them.  In the fifth case the track was slightly serpentine, that is, the tip had moved a little from side to side.  In the sixth case (Fig. 41, A) it was plainly serpentine, and the tip had pressed almost equably on the glass in its whole course.  In the seventh case (B) the tip had moved both laterally and had pressed [page 55] alternately with unequal force on the glass; so that it had moved a little in two planes at right angles to one another.  In the eighth and last case (C) it had moved very little laterally, but had alternately left the glass and come into contact with it again.  There can be no doubt that in the last four cases the radicle of the oak circumnutated whilst growing downwards.

Fig. 41.  Quercus robur:  tracks left on inclined smoked glass-plates by tips of radicles in growing downwards.  Plates A and C inclined at 65o and plate B at 68o to the horizon.

Corylus avellana (Corylaceae).—­The epicotyl breaks through the ground in an arched form; but in the specimen which was first examined, the apex had become decayed, and the epicotyl grew to some distance through the soil, in a tortuous, almost horizontal direction, like a root.  In consequence of this injury it had emitted near the hypogean cotyledons two secondary shoots, and it was remarkable that both of these were arched, like the normal epicotyl in ordinary cases.  The soil was removed from around one of these arched secondary shoots, and a glass filament was affixed to the basal leg.  The whole was kept damp beneath a metal-box with a glass lid, and was thus illuminated only from above.  Owing apparently to the lateral pressure of the earth being removed, the terminal and bowed-down part of the shoot began at once to move upwards, so that after 24 h. it formed a right angle with the lower part.  This lower part, to which the filament was attached, also straightened itself, and moved a little backwards from the upper part.  Consequently a long line was traced on the horizontal glass; and [page 56] this was in parts straight and in parts decidedly zigzag, indicating circumnutation.

On the following day the other secondary shoot was observed; it was a little more advanced in age, for the upper part, instead of depending vertically downwards, stood at an angle of 45o above the horizon.  The tip of the shoot projected obliquely .4 of an inch above the ground, but by the close of our observations, which lasted 47 h., it had grown, chiefly towards its base, to a height of .85 of an inch.  The filament was fixed transversely to the basal and almost upright half of the shoot, close beneath the lowest scale-like appendage.  The circumnutating course pursued is shown in the accompanying figure (Fig. 42).  The actual distance traversed from side to side was about .04 of an inch.

Fig. 42.  Corylus avellana:  circumnutation of a young shoot emitted from the epicotyl, the apex of which had been injured, traced on a horizontal glass, from 9 A.M.  Feb. 2nd to 8 A.M. 4th.  Movement of bead magnified about 27 times.