At these words Rhodopis’ face glowed.  “Will you permit me to speak openly, O Queen?” she said.  “Speak without fear,” was Kassandane’s answer.  “When you sighed so painfully just now in speaking of your dear lost son, I thought:  Perhaps that brave young hero might have been still living, if the Persians had understood better how to educate their sons.  Bartja told me in what that education consisted.  To shoot, throw the spear, ride, hunt, speak the truth, and perhaps also to distinguish between the healing and noxious properties of certain plants:  that is deemed a sufficient educational provision for a man’s life.  The Greek boys are just as carefully kept to the practice of exercises for hardening and bracing the body; for these exercises are the founders and preservers of health, the physician is only its repairer and restorer.  If, however, by constant practice a Greek youth were to attain to the strength of a bull, the truth of the Deity, and the wisdom of the most learned Egyptian priest, we should still look down upon him were he wanting in two things which only early example and music, combined with these bodily exercises, can give:  grace and symmetry.  You smile because you do not understand me, but I can prove to you that music, which, from what Sappho tells me, is not without its moving power for your heart, is as important an element in education as gymnastics, and, strange as it may sound, has an equal share in effecting the perfection of both body and mind.  The man who devotes his attention exclusively to music will, if he be of a violent disposition, lose his savage sternness at first; he will become gentle and pliable as metal in the fire.  But at last his courage will disappear too; his passionate temper will have changed into irritability, and he will be of little worth as a warrior, the calling and character most desired in your country.  If, on the other hand, he confines himself to gymnastics only, he will, like Cambyses, excel in manliness and strength; but his mind—­here my comparison ceases—­will remain obtuse and blind, his perceptions will be confused, He will not listen to reason, but will endeavor to carry everything by force, and, lacking grace and proportion, his life will probably become a succession of rude and violent deeds.  On this account we conclude that music is necessary not only for the mind, and gymnastics not only for the body, but that both, working together, elevate and soften the mind and strengthen the body—­give manly grace, and graceful manliness.”

   [The fundamental ideas of this speech are drawn from
   Plato’s ideal “State.”]