For paddy field,    For upland field,
per acre.            per acre. 
Crop returns          $55.00               $30.72
Taxes                   7.34                 1.98
Labor and expenses     36.20                24.00
-------              -------
Total expense         $43.54               $25.98
Net profit             11.46                 4.74

The peasant farmer who owns and works five acres, 2.5 of paddy and 2.5 of upland field, would realize a total net income of $40.50.  This is after deducting the price of his labor.  With that included, his income would be something like $91.

Tenant farmers who work some 41 per cent of the farm lands of Japan, would have accounts something as follows: 

For paddy field, For upland field,
1 crop. 2 crops.
per acre. per acre. 
Crop returns $49.03 $78.62 $41.36
Tenant fee 23.89 31.58 13.52
Labor 15.78 25.79 14.69
Fertilization 7.82 17.30 10.22
Seed .82 1.40 1.57
Other expenses 1.69 2.82 1.66
------------- -------
Total expenses $50.00 $78.89 $41.66
Net profit —.97 —.27 —.30

This statement indicates that tenant farmers do not realize enough from the crops to quite cover expenses and the price named for their labor.  If the tenant were renting five acres, equally divided between paddy and upland field, the earning would be $73.00 or $99.73 according as one or two crops are taken from the paddy field, this representing what he realizes on his labor, his other expenses absorbing the balance of the crop value.

But the average area tilled by each Japanese farmer’s household is only 2.6 acres, hence the average earning of the tenant household would be $37.95 or $51.86.  A clearer view of the difference in the present condition of farmers in Japan and of those in the United States may be gained by making the Japanese statement on the basis of our 160-acre farm, as expressed in the table below: 

For paddy field.  For upland field.  Total. 
For 80 acres.  For 80 acres. 160 acres. 
Crop returns $4,400.00 $2,457.60 $6,857.60
---------- ---------- ----------
Taxes $587.20 $158.40 $745.60 Expenses 1,633.60 744.80 2,378.40 Labor 1,262.40 1,175.20 2,437.60
---------- ---------- ----------
Total cost $3,488.20 $2,078.40 $5,561.60
Net return 916.80 379.20 1,296.00 Return
including labor 2,179.20 1,554.40 3,783.60

In the United States the 160-acre farm is managed by and supports a single family, but in Japan, as the average household works but 2.6 acres, the earnings of the 160 acres are distributed among some 61 households, making the net return to each but $21.25, instead of $1296, and including the labor as earning, the income would be $39.96 more, or $60.67 per household instead of $3733.60, the total for a 160-acre farm worked under Japanese conditions.