up in wild and threatening confusion.  The pressure at that point was enormous.  Blocks weighing many tons were raised 15 ft. above the level of the floe.  I arranged to divide the night watches with Worsley and Wild, and none of us had much rest.  The ship was shaken by heavy bumps, and we were on the alert to see that no dogs had fallen into cracks.  The morning light showed that our island had been reduced considerably during the night.  Our long months of rest and safety seemed to be at an end, and a period of stress had begun.

During the following day I had a store of sledging provisions, oil, matches, and other essentials placed on the upper deck handy to the starboard quarter boat, so as to be in readiness for a sudden emergency.  The ice was grinding and working steadily to the southward, and in the evening some large cracks appeared on the port quarter, while a crack alongside opened out to 15 yds.  The blizzard seemed to have set the ice in strong movement towards the north, and the south-westerly and west-south-westerly winds that prevailed two days out of three maintained the drift.  I hoped that this would continue unchecked, since our chance of getting clear of the pack early in the spring appeared to depend upon our making a good northing.  Soundings at this time gave depths of from 186 to 190 fathoms, with a glacial mud bottom.  No land was in sight.  The light was improving.  A great deal of ice-pressure was heard and observed in all directions during the 25th, much of it close to the port quarter of the ship.  On the starboard bow huge blocks of ice, weighing many tons and 5 ft. in thickness, were pushed up on the old floe to a height of 15 to 20 ft.  The floe that held the ‘Endurance’ was swung to and fro by the pressure during the day, but came back to the old bearing before midnight.

“The ice for miles around is much looser.  There are numerous cracks and short leads to the north-east and south-east.  Ridges are being forced up in all directions, and there is a water-sky to the south-east.  It would be a relief to be able to make some effort on our own behalf; but we can do nothing until the ice releases our ship.  If the floes continue to loosen, we may break out within the next few weeks and resume the fight.  In the meantime the pressure continues, and it is hard to foresee the outcome.  Just before noon to-day (July 26) the top of the sun appeared by refraction for one minute, seventy-nine days after our last sunset.  A few minutes earlier a small patch of the sun had been thrown up on one of the black streaks above the horizon.  All hands are cheered by the indication that the end of the winter darkness is near....  Clark finds that with returning daylight the diatoms are again appearing.  His nets and line are stained a pale yellow, and much of the newly formed ice has also a faint brown or yellow tinge.  The diatoms cannot multiply without light, and the ice formed since February can be distinguished in the pressure-ridges by its clear blue colour.  The older masses of ice are of a dark earthy brown, dull yellow, or reddish brown.”