ice was firm around us, and as there seemed small chance of making a move that day, I had the motor crawler and warper put out on the floe for a trial run.  The motor worked most successfully, running at about six miles an hour over slabs and ridges of ice hidden by a foot or two of soft snow.  The surface was worse than we would expect to face on land or barrier-ice.  The motor warped itself back on a 500-fathom steel wire and was taken aboard again.  “From the mast-head the mirage is continually giving us false alarms.  Everything wears an aspect of unreality.  Icebergs hang upside down in the sky; the land appears as layers of silvery or golden cloud.  Cloud-banks look like land, icebergs masquerade as islands or nunataks, and the distant barrier to the south is thrown into view, although it really is outside our range of vision.  Worst of all is the deceptive appearance of open water, caused by the refraction of distant water, or by the sun shining at an angle on a field of smooth snow or the face of ice-cliffs below the horizon.”

The second half of February produced no important change in our situation.  Early in the morning of the 14th I ordered a good head of steam on the engines and sent all hands on to the floe with ice-chisels, prickers, saws, and picks.  We worked all day and throughout most of the next day in a strenuous effort to get the ship into the lead ahead.  The men cut away the young ice before the bows and pulled it aside with great energy.  After twenty-four hours’ labour we had got the ship a third of the way to the lead.  But about 400 yards of heavy ice, including old rafted pack, still separated the ‘Endurance’ from the water, and reluctantly I had to admit that further effort was useless.  Every opening we made froze up again quickly owing to the unseasonably low temperature.  The young ice was elastic and prevented the ship delivering a strong, splitting blow to the floe, while at the same time it held the older ice against any movement.  The abandonment of the attack was a great disappointment to all hands.  The men had worked long hours without thought of rest, and they deserved success.  But the task was beyond our powers.  I had not abandoned hope of getting clear, but was counting now on the possibility of having to spend a winter in the inhospitable arms of the pack.  The sun, which had been above the horizon for two months, set at midnight on the 17th, and, although it would not disappear until April, its slanting rays warned us of the approach of winter.  Pools and leads appeared occasionally, but they froze over very quickly.