enormously muscular tongues, which press the water through the whalebone lamellae and thus, by a filtering process, retain the small food organisms.  The food of the whalebone whales is largely the small crustacea which occur in the plankton, though some whales (humpback, fin whales, and sei whales) feed also on fish.  The stomachs examined at South Georgia during December 1914, belonged to the three species, humpbacks, fin whales, and blue whales, and all contained small crustacea—­Euphausiae, with a mixture of amphipods.  The toothed whales—­sperms and bottlenoses—­are known to live on squids, and that there is an abundance of this type of food in the Weddell Sea was proved by an examination of penguin and seal stomachs.  Emperor penguins (and hundreds of these were examined) were invariably found to contain Cephalopod “beaks,” while large, partly digested squids were often observed in Weddell seals.  A dorsal fin is present in the rorquals but absent in right whales.  With other characters, notably the size of the animal, it serves as a ready mark of identification, but is occasionally confusing owing to the variation in shape in some of the species.

With the exception of several schools of porpoises very few whales were seen during the outward voyage.  Not till we approached the Falkland area did they appear in any numbers.  Four small schools of fin whales and a few humpbacks were sighted on October 28 and 29, 1914, in lat. 38° 01´ S., long. 55° 03´ W. and in lat. 40° 35´ S., long. 53° 11´ W., while Globicephalus melas was seen only once, in lat. 45° 17´ S., long. 48° 58´ W., on October 31, 1914.  At South Georgia, the whales captured at the various stations in December 1914, were blue whales, fin whales, and humpbacks (arranged respectively according to numbers captured).  During the fishing season 1914-15 (from December to March) in the area covered—­South Georgia to the South Sandwich Islands and along Coats’ Land to the head of the Weddell Sea—­the records of whales were by no means numerous.  Two records only could with certainty be assigned to the humpback, and these were in the neighbourhood of the South Sandwich Islands.  Pack-ice was entered in lat. 59° 55´ S., long. 18° 28´ W., and blue whales were recorded daily until about 65° S. Between lat. 65° 43´ S., long. 17° 30´ W., on December 27, 1914, and lat. 69° 59´ S., long. 17° 31´ W., on January 3, 1915, no whales were seen.  On January 4, however, in lat. 69° 59´ S., long. 17° 36´ W., two large sperm whales appeared close ahead of the ship in fairly open water, and were making westward.  They remained sufficiently long on the surface to render their identification easy.  Farther south, blue whales were only seen occasionally, and fin whales could only be identified in one or two cases.  Killers, however, were numerous, and the lesser piked whale was quite frequent.  There was no doubt about the identity of this latter species as it often came close alongside the ship.  From April to