“August 24.—­We lifted the rudder out of the ice and placed it clear of the stern, athwart the fore-and-aft line of the ship.  We had quite a job with it (weight, four and a half tons), using treble- and double-sheaved-blocks purchase, but with the endless-chain tackle from the engine-room, and plenty of ‘beef’ and leverage, we dragged it clear.  All the pintles are gone at the fore part of the rudder; it is a clean break and bears witness to the terrific force exerted on the ship during the nip.  I am glad to see the rudder upon the ice and clear of the propeller.  The blade itself (which is solid oak and sheathed on two sides and after part half-way down, with three-quarter-inch iron plating) is undamaged, save for the broken pintles; the twisted portion is in the rudder trunk.

“August 25, 11 p.m.—­Hooke has just been in with the good tidings that he has heard Macquarie and the Bluff (New Zealand) sending their weather reports and exchanging signals.  Can this mean that they have heard our recent signals and are trying to get us now?  Our motor has been out of order.

“August 26.—­The carpenter has finished the jury-rudder and is now at work on the lower end of the rudder truck, where the rudder burst into the stern timbers.  We are lucky in having this opportunity to repair these minor damages, which might prove serious in a seaway.

“August 31, 6.30 a.m.—­Very loud pressure-noises to the south-east.  I went aloft after breakfast and had the pleasure of seeing many open lanes in all directions.  The lanes of yesterday are frozen over, showing what little chance there is of a general and continued break-up of the ice until the temperature rises.  Land was visible, but far too distant for even approximate bearings.  The berg still hangs to the north-west of the ship.  We seem to have pivoted outwards from the land.  We cannot get out of this too quickly, and although every one has plenty of work, and is cheerful, the uselessness of the ship in her present position palls.

“September 5.—­The mizzen wireless mast came down in a raging blizzard to-day.  In the forenoon I managed to crawl to windward on the top of the bridge-house, and under the lee of the chart-house watched the mast bending over with the wind and swaying like the branch of a tree, but after the aerial had stood throughout the winter I hardly thought the mast would carry away.  Luckily, as it is dangerous to life to be on deck in this weather (food is brought from the galley in relays through blinding drift and over big heaps of snow), no one was about when the mast carried away.

“September 8.—­This is dull, miserable weather.  Blow, snow, and calm for an hour or two.  Sometimes it blows in this neighbourhood without snow and sometimes with—­this seems to be the only difference.  I have two patients now, Larkman and Mugridge.  Larkman was frost-bitten on the great and second toes of the left foot some time ago, and has so far taken little notice of them.  Now they are causing him some alarm as gangrene has set in.  Mugridge is suffering from an intermittent rash, with red, inflamed skin and large, short-lived blisters.  I don’t know what the deuce it is, but the nearest description to it in a ’Materia Medica,’ etc., is pemphigus, so pemphigus it is, and he has been ’tonic-ed’ and massaged.