scanty knowledge of the conditions of the interior.  No man had ever penetrated a mile from the coast of South Georgia at any point, and the whalers I knew regarded the country as inaccessible.  During that day, while we were walking to the snouted glacier, we had seen three wild duck flying towards the head of the bay from the eastward.  I hoped that the presence of these birds indicated tussock-land and not snow-fields and glaciers in the interior, but the hope was not a very bright one.

We turned out at 2 a.m. on the Friday morning and had our hoosh ready an hour later.  The full moon was shining in a practically cloudless sky, its rays reflected gloriously from the pinnacles and crevassed ice of the adjacent glaciers.  The huge peaks of the mountains stood in bold relief against the sky and threw dark shadows on the waters of the sound.  There was no need for delay, and we made a start as soon as we had eaten our meal.  McNeish walked about 200 yds with us; he could do no more.  Then we said good-bye and he turned back to the camp.  The first task was to get round the edge of the snouted glacier, which had points like fingers projecting towards the sea.  The waves were reaching the points of these fingers, and we had to rush from one recess to another when the waters receded.  We soon reached the east side of the glacier and noticed its great activity at this point.  Changes had occurred within the preceding twenty-four hours.  Some huge pieces had broken off, and the masses of mud and stone that were being driven before the advancing ice showed movement.  The glacier was like a gigantic plough driving irresistibly towards the sea.

Lying on the beach beyond the glacier was wreckage that told of many ill-fated ships.  We noticed stanchions of teakwood, liberally carved, that must have came from ships of the older type; iron-bound timbers with the iron almost rusted through; battered barrels and all the usual debris of the ocean.  We had difficulties and anxieties of our own, but as we passed that graveyard of the sea we thought of the many tragedies written in the wave-worn fragments of lost vessels.  We did not pause, and soon we were ascending a snow-slope heading due east on the last lap of our long trail.

The snow-surface was disappointing.  Two days before we had been able to move rapidly on hard, packed snow; now we sank over our ankles at each step and progress was slow.  After two hours’ steady climbing we were 2500 ft. above sea-level.  The weather continued fine and calm, and as the ridges drew nearer and the western coast of the island spread out below, the bright moonlight showed us that the interior was broken tremendously.  High peaks, impassable cliffs, steep snow-slopes, and sharply descending glaciers were prominent features in all directions, with stretches of snow-plain over laying the ice-sheet of the interior.  The slope we were ascending mounted to a ridge and our course lay