perceive the existence of hope through the iron walls of despair.  Prosperity tends to make one forget the grace of Buddha, but adversity brings forth one’s religious conviction.  Christ on the cross was more Christ than Jesus at the table.  Luther at war with the Pope was more Luther than he at peace.  Nichi-ren[FN#225] laid the foundation of his church when sword and sceptre threatened him with death.  Shin-ran[FN#226] and Hen-en[FN#227] established their respective faiths when they were exiled.  When they were exiled, they complained not, resented not, regretted not, repented not, lamented not, but contentedly and joyously they met with their inevitable calamity and conquered it.  Ho-nen is said to have been still more joyous and contented when be bad suffered from a serious disease, because he had the conviction that his desired end was at hand.

[FN#225] The founder (1222-1282) of the Nichi Ren Sect, who was exiled in 1271 to the Island of Sado.  For the history and doctrine of the Sect, see I A Short History of the Twelve Japanese Buddhist Sects,’ by B. Nanjo, pp. 132-147.

[FN#226] The founder (1173-1262) of the Shin Sect, who was banished to the province of Eechigo in 1207.  See Nanjo’s ‘History,’ pp. 122-131.

[FN#227] The founder (1131 1212) of the Jo Do Sect, who was exiled to the Island of Tosa in 1207.  See Nanjo’s ‘History,’ pp. 104-113.

A Chinese monk, E Kwai by name, one day seated himself in a quiet place among hills and practised Dhyana.  None was there to disturb the calm enjoyment of his meditation.  The genius of the hill was so much stung by his envy that he made up his mind to break by surprise the mental serenity of the monk.  Having supposed nothing ordinary would be effective, he appeared all on a sudden before the man, assuming the frightful form of a headless monster.  E Kwai being disturbed not a whit, calmly eyed the monster, and observed with a smile:  “Thou hast no head, monster!  How happy thou shouldst be, for thou art in no danger of losing thy head, nor of suffering from headache!”

Were we born headless, should we not be happy, as we have to suffer from no headache?  Were we born eyeless, should we not be happy, as we are in no danger of suffering from eye disease?  Ho Ki Ichi,[FN#228] a great blind scholar, was one evening giving a lecture, without knowing that the light had been put out by the wind.  When his pupils requested him to stop for a moment, he remarked with a smile:  “Why, how inconvenient are your eyes!” Where there is contentment, there is Paradise.

[FN#228] Hanawa (1746-1821), who published Gun-sho-rui-zu in 1782.

13.  Do Thy Best and Leave the Rest to Providence.