of a pagan mythology.’ He will not hear
of there being, for instance, in these compositions,
traces of the doctrine of the transmigration of souls,
attributed to the Druids in such clear words by Caesar.
He is very severe upon a German scholar, long and
favourably known in this country, who has already
furnished several contributions to our knowledge of
the Celtic race, and of whose labours the main fruit
has, I believe, not yet been given us,—Mr.
Meyer. He is very severe upon Mr. Meyer, for
finding in one of the poems ascribed to Taliesin,
’a sacrificial hymn addressed to the god Pryd,
in his character of god of the Sun.’ It
is not for me to pronounce for or against this notion
of Mr. Meyer’s. I have not the knowledge
which is needed in order to make one’s suffrage
in these matters of any value; speaking merely as
one of the unlearned public, I will confess that allegory
seems to me to play, in Mr. Meyer’s theories,
a somewhat excessive part; Arthur and his Twelve (?)
Knights of the Round Table signifying solely the year
with its twelve months; Percival and the Miller signifying
solely steel and the grindstone; Stonehenge and the
Gododin put to purely calendarial purposes; the Nibelungen,
the Mahabharata, and the Iliad, finally following
the fate of the Gododin; all this appears to me, I
will confess, a little prematurely grasped, a little
unsubstantial. But that any one who knows the
set of modern mythological science towards astronomical
and solar myths, a set which has already justified
itself in many respects so victoriously, and which
is so irresistible that one can hardly now look up
at the sun without having the sensations of a moth;—that
any one who knows this, should find in the Welsh remains
no traces of mythology, is quite astounding.
Why, the heroes and heroines of the old Cymric world
are all in the sky as well as in Welsh story; Arthur
is the Great Bear, his harp is the constellation Lyra;
Cassiopeia’s chair is Llys Don, Don’s
Court; the daughter of Don was Arianrod, and the Northern
Crown is Caer Arianrod; Gwydion was Don’s son,
and the Milky Way is Caer Gwydion. With Gwydion
is Math, the son of Mathonwy, the ‘man of illusion
and phantasy;’ and the moment one goes below
the surface,—almost before one goes below
the surface,—all is illusion and phantasy,
double-meaning, and far-reaching mythological import,
in the world which all these personages inhabit.
What are the three hundred ravens of Owen, and the
nine sorceresses of Peredur, and the dogs of Annwn
the Welsh Hades, and the birds of Rhiannon, whose
song was so sweet that warriors remained spell-bound
for eighty years together listening to them?
What is the Avanc, the water-monster, of whom every
lake-side in Wales, and her proverbial speech, and
her music, to this day preserve the tradition?
What is Gwyn the son of Nudd, king of fairie, the
ruler of the Tylwyth Teg, or family of beauty, who
till the day of doom fights on every first day of
May,—the great feast of the sun among the