may be purchased for $6 which would sell for $25 on the coast.  We will say he purchases slaves to the full extent of his means—­after deducting $1,500 expenses of carriage to Ujiji and back—­viz. $3,500, the slaves—­464 in number, at $7-50 per head—­ would realize $13,920 at Zanzibar!  Again, let us illustrate trade in ivory.  A merchant takes $5,000 to Ujiji, and after deducting $1,500 for expenses to Ujiji, and back to Zanzibar, has still remaining $3,500 in cloth and beads, with which he purchases ivory.  At Ujiji ivory is bought at $20 the frasilah, or 35 lbs., by which he is enabled with $3,500 to collect 175 frasilahs, which, if good ivory, is worth about $60 per frasilah at Zanzibar.  The merchant thus finds that he has realized $10,500 net profit!  Arab traders have often done better than this, but they almost always have come back with an enormous margin of profit.

The next people to the Banyans_in power in Zanzibar are the Mohammedan Hindis.  Really it has been a debateable subject in my mind whether the Hindis are not as wickedly determined to cheat in trade as the Banyans.  But, if I have conceded the palm to the latter, it has been done very reluctantly.  This tribe of Indians can produce scores of unconscionable rascals where they can show but one honest merchant.  One of the honestest among men, white or black, red or yellow, is a Mohammedan Hindi called Tarya Topan.  Among the Europeans at Zanzibar, he has become a proverb for honesty, and strict business integrity.  He is enormously wealthy, owns several ships and dhows, and is a prominent man in the councils of Seyd Burghash.  Tarya has many children, two or three of whom are grown-up sons, whom he has reared up even as he is himself.  But Tarya is but a representative of an exceedingly small minority.

The Arabs, the Banyans, and the Mohammedan Hindis, represent the higher and the middle classes.  These classes own the estates, the ships, and the trade.  To these classes bow the half-caste and the negro.

The next most important people who go to make up the mixed population of this island are the negroes.  They consist of the aborigines, Wasawahili, Somalis, Comorines, Wanyamwezi, and a host of tribal representatives of Inner Africa.

To a white stranger about penetrating Africa, it is a most interesting walk through the negro quarters of the Wanyamwezi and the Wasawahili.  For here he begins to learn the necessity of admitting that negroes are men, like himself, though of a different colour; that they have passions and prejudices, likes and dislikes, sympathies and antipathies, tastes and feelings, in common with all human nature.  The sooner he perceives this fact, and adapts himself accordingly, the easier will be his journey among the several races of the interior.  The more plastic his nature, the more prosperous will be his travels.