their shoulders, the people of Manyuema manufactured a cloth from fine grass, which may favorably compare with the finest grass cloth of India.  They also know the art of dy/e/ing them in various colours—­black, yellow, and purple.  The Wangwana, or freed-men of Zanzibar, struck with the beauty of the fabric, eagerly exchange their cotton cloths for fine grass cloth; and on almost every black man from Manyuema I have seen this native cloth converted into elegantly made damirs (Arabic)—­short jackets.  These countries are also very rich in ivory.  The fever for going to Manyuema to exchange tawdry beads for its precious tusks is of the same kind as that which impelled men to go to the gulches and placers of California, Colorado, Montana, and Idaho; after nuggets to Australia, and diamonds to Cape Colony.  Manyuema is at present the El Dorado of the Arab and the Wamrima tribes.  It is only about four years since that the first Arab returned from Manyuema, with such wealth of ivory, and reports about the fabulous quantities found there, that ever since the old beaten tracks of Karagwah, Uganda, Ufipa, and Marungu have been comparatively deserted.  The people of Manyuema, ignorant of the value of the precious article, reared their huts upon ivory stanchions.  Ivory pillars were common sights in Manyuema, and, hearing of these, one can no longer, wonder at the ivory palace of Solomon.  For generations they have used ivory tusks as door-posts and supports to the eaves, until they had become perfectly rotten and worthless.  But the advent of the Arabs soon taught them the value of the article.  It has now risen considerably in price, though still fabulously cheap.  At Zanzibar the value of ivory per frasilah of 35 lbs. weight is from $50 to $60, according to its quality.  In Unyanyembe it is about $1-10 per pound, but in Manyuema, it may be purchased for from half a cent to 14 cent’s worth of copper per pound of ivory.  The Arabs, however, have the knack of spoiling markets by their rapacity and cruelty.  With muskets, a small party of Arabs is invincible against such people as those of Manyuema, who, until lately, never heard the sound of a gun.  The discharge of a musket inspires mortal terror in them, and it is almost impossible to induce them to face the muzzle of a gun.  They believe that the Arabs have stolen the lightning, and that against such people the bow and arrow can have little effect.  They are by no means devoid of courage, and they have often declared that, were it not for the guns, not one Arab would leave the country alive; this tends to prove that they would willingly engage in fight with the strangers who had made themselves so detestable, were it not that the startling explosion of gunpowder inspires them with terror.

Into what country soever the Arabs enter, they contrive to render their name and race abominated.  But the mainspring of it all is not the Arab’s nature, colour, or name, but simply the slave-trade.  So long as the slave-trade is permitted to be kept up at Zanzibar, so long will these otherwise enterprising people, the Arabs, kindle gainst them the hatred of the natives throughout Africa.