The state owns all roads, streets, telegraph or telephone lines, railroads and mines, and takes exclusive control of the mails and express matter.

As these departments will in time furnish employment for a great many officials, who might be massed together by the party in power, and wielded for political purposes, we decree that any man who accepts office relinquishes, for the time being, his right of suffrage.  The servants of the people have no right to help rule them; and he who thinks more of his right to vote than of an office is at liberty to refuse an appointment.

As we have not an hereditary nobility, as in England, or great geographical subdivisions, as in America, we are constrained, in forming our Congress or Parliament, to fall back upon a new device.

Our governing body, called The People, is divided into three branches.  The first is elected exclusively by the producers, to-wit:  the workmen in the towns and the farmers and mechanics in the country; and those they elect must belong to their own class.  As these constitute the great bulk of the people, the body that represents them stands for the House of Commons in England, or the House of Representatives in America.  The second branch is elected exclusively by and from the merchants and manufacturers, and all who are engaged in trade, or as employers of labor.  The third branch, which is the smallest of the three, is selected by the authors, newspaper writers, artists, scientists, philosophers and literary people generally.  This branch is expected to hold the balance of power, where the other two bodies cannot agree.  It may be expected that they will be distinguished by broad and philanthropic views and new and generous conceptions.  Where a question arises as to which of these three groups or subdivisions a voter belongs to, the matter is to be decided by the president of the Republic.

No law can be passed, in the first instance, unless it receives a majority vote in each of the three branches, or a two-thirds vote in two of them.  Where a difference of opinion arises upon any point of legislation, the three branches are to assemble together and discuss the matter at issue, and try to reach an agreement.  As, however, the experience of the world has shown that there is more danger of the upper classes combining to oppress the producers than there is of the producers conspiring to govern them,—­except in the last desperate extremity, as shown recently,—­it is therefore decreed that if the Commons, by a three-fourths vote, pass any measure, it becomes a law, notwithstanding the veto of the other two branches.

The executive is elected by the Congress for a period of four years, and is not eligible for re-election.  He has no veto and no control of any patronage.  In the election of president a two-thirds vote of each branch is necessary.