impelled to lay a foundation on which it might some day be possible to present such a work, even though the end had to be gained by roundabout means.  To secure this object it seemed above all necessary to approach those friends, both at home and abroad, who interested themselves in my art, in order to expound to them more clearly the problems that demanded solution, which, although definite enough to my own mind, had scarcely as yet even entered into their heads.  A singularly favourable opportunity for so doing offered itself one day when Sulzer showed me an article on ‘Opera’ in Brockhaus’s Modern Encyclopedia.  The good man was fully convinced that in the opinions expressed in this article I should find a preliminary basis for my own theories.  But a hasty glance sufficed to show me at once how entirely erroneous they were, and I tried hard to point out to Sulzer the fundamental difference between the accepted views, even of very sensible people, and my own conceptions of the heart of the matter.  Finding it naturally impossible, even with all the eloquence at my command, to elucidate my ideas all at once, I set about preparing a methodical plan for detailed treatment of the subject as soon as I got home.  In this way I was lead to write this book which was published under the title of Oper und Drama, a task which kept me fully occupied for several months, in fact until February, 1851.

But I had to pay heavily for the exhausting toil expended on the conclusion of this work.  According to my calculations, only a few days of persevering industry were needed for the completion of my manuscript, when my parrot, which usually watched me on my writing-table, was taken seriously ill.  As it had already completely recovered from several similar attacks, I did not feel very anxious.  Although my wife begged me to fetch a veterinary surgeon who lived in a village which was rather far off, I preferred to stick to my desk, and I put off going from one day to the next.  At last one evening the all-important manuscript was finished, and the next morning our poor Papo lay dead on the floor.  My inconsolable grief over this melancholy loss was fully shared by Minna, and by our mutual affection for this treasured pet we were once more tenderly united in a way likely to conduce to our domestic happiness.

In addition to our pets, our older Zurich friends had also remained faithful to us, in spite of the catastrophe which had befallen my family life.  Sulzer was without a doubt the worthiest and most important of these friends.  The profound difference between us both in intellect and temperament seemed only to favour this relationship, for each was constantly providing surprises for the other; and as the divergencies between us were radical, they often gave rise to most exhilarating and instructive experiences.  Sulzer was extraordinarily excitable and very delicate in health.  It was quite against his own original desire that he had entered the service of the state,