of the Diluvial period, have multiplied, and by their multiplication give cumulative confirmation to each other.  Even in the lower strata of the Miocene (the middle Tertiary) important discoveries of stone knives and bone-cuttings have been made, as at Thenay, department of Marne-et-Loire, and Billy, department of Allier, France.  Professor J. D. Whitney, the eminent State geologist of California, reports similar discoveries there also.  So, then, we may believe that before the last great upheaval of the Alps and Pyrenees, and while the yet luxuriant vegetation of the then (i. e., in the Tertiary period) paradisaic climate yet adorned Central Europe, man inhabited this region."[1]

We turn to the American Continent and we find additional proofs of man’s pre-glacial existence.  The “American Naturalist,” 1873, says: 

“The discoveries that are constantly being made in this country are proving that man existed on this continent as far back in geological time as on the European Continent; and it even seems that America, really the Old World, geologically, will soon prove to be the birthplace of the earliest race of man.  One of the late and important discoveries is that by Mr. E. L. Berthoud, which is given in full, with a map, in the ’Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences for 1872,’ p. 46.  Mr. Berthoud there reports the discovery of ancient fire-places, rude stone monuments, and implements of stone in great number and variety, in several places along Crow Creek, in Colorado, and also on several other rivers in the vicinity.  These fire-places indicate several ancient sites of an unknown race differing entirely from the mound-builders and the present Indians, while the shells and other fossils found with the remains make it quite certain that the deposit in which the ancient sites are found is as old as the Pliocene, and perhaps as the Miocene.  As the fossil shells found with the relies of man are of estuary forms, and as the sites of the ancient towns are on extended

[1.  “Popular Science Monthly,” April, 1875, p. 682.]

{p. 129}

points of land, and at the base of the ridges or bluffs, Mr. Berthoud thinks the evidence is strongly in favor of the locations having been near some ancient fresh-water lake, whose vestiges the present topography of the region favors.”

I quote the following from the “Scientific American” (1880): 

“The finding of numerous relies of a buried race on an ancient horizon, from twenty to thirty feet below the present level of country in Missouri and Kansas, has been noted.  The St. Louis ‘Republican’ gives particulars of another find of an unmistakable character made last spring (1880) in Franklin County, Missouri, by Dr. R. W. Booth, who was engaged in iron-mining about three miles from Dry Branch, a station on the St. Louis and Santa Fé Railroad.  At a depth of eighteen feet below the surface the miners uncovered a human skull,