to give it up, and was perhaps influenced by the bright eyes of Catherine Maheu, who toiled alongside him.  He became more and more impressed with the sense of the hardships of the miners’ lives, and his mind was also influenced by Souvarine, a confessed anarchist, beside whom he lodged.  Gradually Etienne began to indoctrinate his companions with a spirit of revolt, and when the great strike broke out he became the leader.  He did not, however, accept the extreme doctrines of Souvarine, and endeavoured to dissuade the strikers from doing damage to property.  In this he was not altogether successful, and his influence became considerably lessened, until he was blamed by his comrades for the hardships they had to endure during the strike, and for its ultimate collapse.  He returned to work, and in the terrible catastrophe brought about by Souvarine he was cut off at the bottom of the pit with Chaval and Catherine Maheu.  He had always loved Catherine, and notwithstanding their peril, an old jealousy revived, and in a struggle with Chaval, Etienne killed him.  Days elapsed before rescue came, and by that time Catherine was dead.  After six weeks in hospital, Etienne left for Paris.  Germinal.

At Paris, later on, he took part in the Communist rising, and was condemned to death.  He was respited, and transported to Noumea, where he married, and became father of a little girl.  Le Docteur Pascal.

LANTIER (JACQUES), the second son of Gervaise Macquart and Auguste Lantier, was born at Plassans in 1844.  He was six years old when his parents went to Paris with his brothers, Claude and Etienne, leaving him with his godmother, Aunt Phasie, who sent him to the School of Arts and Crafts.  After two years passed on the Orleans Railway, he became an engineer of the first-class on the Western Railway.  At twenty-six he was a tall, handsome man, with dark hair and a clear complexion.  From childhood he had suffered from a complaint which the doctors did not understand, a pain in the head, behind the ears, accompanied by fever and an intense melancholy, which tempted him to hide like a suffering animal.  When about sixteen years of age he became affected by a curious form of insanity, the desire to murder any woman of whom he became fond.  “On each occasion it seemed like a sudden outburst of blind rage, an ever-recurring thirst to avenge some very ancient offence, the exact recollection of which escaped him.  Did it date from so far back, from the harm women had done to his race, from the rancour laid up from male to male since the first deceptions in the depths of the caverns?” Even with his cousin Flore, who loved him from childhood, the same terrible instinct arose, and could only be stilled by flight.